功效作用 Efficacy and Functions
清热，凉血，解毒。
Clearing heat, cooling blood, and detoxifying.
主治 Indications
温病高热，吐衄，发斑，咽喉肿痛，疖肿，无名肿毒，疳蚀疮，蜂虫螫伤。
Warm diseases with high fever, vomiting blood, skin rash, sore throat, abscesses, unidentified swellings, ulcerative sores, and bee or insect stings.
用法用量 Dosage and Administration
内服：煎汤，3-10g。外用：适量，研末调敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 3-10g. External use: Appropriate amount, grind into powder and apply as a paste.
注意事项 Precautions
脾胃虚寒者慎服。
Those with Spleen and Stomach deficiency and cold should be cautious when taking it.
《本草经疏》：“虚寒人及久泄畏寒，腹中觉冷者勿服。”
"Commentary on the Classic of Materia Medica": "Those who are deficient and cold, have long-term diarrhea, fear cold, and feel cold in the abdomen should not take it."
相关论述 Relevant Discussion
论蓝实性味苦寒，专于清解温热诸邪：张石顽：“《本经》取用蓝实，乃大青之子，是即所谓蓼蓝也。性禀至阴，其味苦寒，故能入肝。专于清解温热诸邪也，阳毒发斑咽痛必用之药。而茎叶性味不异，主治皆同。”（《本草逢原》）[1-4]
On the bitter and cold nature of blue vitriol, specializing in clearing heat and warm toxins: Zhang Shiwan said: "The 'Inner Canon' uses blue vitriol, which is the seed of Isatis indigotica, also known as Polygonum tinctorium. It has an extremely yin nature and a bitter, cold taste, thus entering the liver. It specializes in clearing heat and warm toxins, making it essential for treating yang toxin-induced rashes and sore throat. The stems and leaves have similar properties and indications." (Compendium of Materia Medica) [1-4]
临床应用 Clinical Applications
1、治疮疖肿毒：蓼蓝果9-15g。水煎服。（《湖南药物志》）
Treatment of sores and abscesses: 9-15g of Polygonum tinctorium fruit, decocted in water and taken orally. (From "Pharmacopoeia of Hunan Province")
2、治足上疮，臭秽溃烂：蓝子一枚，烧灰，为末，入腻粉少许，井水调涂。（《同寿录》）
2. Treatment of ulcers on the feet, foul-smelling and festering: Burn one blue fruit to ash, grind it into powder, mix with a small amount of zinc oxide, and apply with well water. (From "Tongshoulu")
3、治中杏仁毒：以蓝子汁解之。（《肘后方》）
3. Treatment of almond poisoning: Use juice from blue seeds to counteract the toxicity. (From "Zhouhou Fang")
加工炮制 Processing and Preparation
采收加工：秋季果实成熟时采收，除去杂质，晒干。
Harvesting and processing: Collect fruits when ripe in autumn, remove impurities, and sun-dry.
药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification
鉴别：果实包被于宿存花被内，卵形，长2.5-3mm，表面褐色，有光泽，具三棱线。气微，微苦。
Identification: The fruit is enclosed in the persistent calyx, ovoid, 2.5–3 mm long, brownish, shiny, with three longitudinal ridges. Slight odor, slightly bitter taste.
药材性状 Characteristics of Medicinal Material
果实包被于宿存花被内，卵形，长2.5-3mm，表面褐色，有光泽，具三棱线。气微，微苦。
The fruit is enclosed in the persistent calyx, ovoid, 2.5–3 mm long, brownish, shiny, with three longitudinal ridges. Slight odor, slightly bitter taste.
植物学信息 Botanical Information
植物种属：蓼科植物蓼蓝。
Species: Polygonum tinctorium, a plant in the Polygonaceae family.
形态特征 Morphological Characteristics
一年生草本。茎直立，通常分枝，高50-80厘米。叶卵形或宽椭圆形，长3-8厘米，宽2-4厘米，干后呈暗蓝绿色，顶端圆钝，基部宽楔形，边缘全缘，具短缘毛，上面无毛，下面有时沿叶脉疏生伏毛；叶柄长5-10毫米；托叶鞘膜质，稍松散，长1-1.5厘米，被伏毛，顶端截形，具长缘毛。总状花序呈穗状，长2-5厘米，顶生或腋生；苞片漏斗状，绿色，有缘毛，每苞内含花3-5；花梗细，与苞片近等长；花被5深裂，淡红色，花被片卵形，长2.5-3毫米；雄蕊6-8，比花被短；花柱3，下部合生。瘦果宽卵形，具3棱，长2-2.5毫米，褐色，有光泽，包于宿存花被内。花期8-9月，果期9-10月。
Annual herb. Stem erect, usually branched, 50–80 cm tall. Leaves ovate or broadly elliptic, 3–8 cm long, 2–4 cm wide, dark bluish-green when dried, apex rounded and blunt, base broadly cuneate, margins entire with short ciliate hairs, upper surface glabrous, lower surface sometimes sparsely pubescent along veins; petiole 5–10 mm long; ocrea membranous, slightly loose, 1–1.5 cm long, pubescent, truncate at apex with long ciliate hairs. Inflorescence spicate, 2–5 cm long, terminal or axillary; bracts funnel-shaped, green, ciliate, each containing 3–5 flowers; pedicels slender, nearly equaling bracts; perianth deeply 5-lobed, pale red, lobes ovate, 2.5–3 mm long; stamens 6–8, shorter than perianth; styles 3, basally connate. Achene broadly ovate, 3-angled, 2–2.5 mm long, brown, shiny, enclosed in persistent perianth. Flowering August–September, fruiting September–October.
分布区域 Distribution Area
分布于辽宁、河北、陕西、山东等地，现东北至广东均有野生或少有种植。
Distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, and other regions; now wild or occasionally cultivated from Northeast China to Guangdong.
生长环境 Growing Environment
野生于旷野水沟边，多为栽培或为半野生状态。
Wild, growing along ditches in open fields; mostly cultivated or in semi-wild state.